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Diagnostic Modalities in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review
Tanisha1, Chaithanya Amudha2, Mohammed Raake3
1Department of Internal Medicine No. 4, O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, UKR.
Insights
Diagnosing heart failure (HF) involves assessing ejection fraction and utilizing biomarkers like B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). This review explores diagnostic methods and novel techniques for early HF detection and management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) affects millions, presenting acutely or chronically.
- HF diagnosis relies on ejection fraction classification and identifying underlying causes.
- Current diagnostic methods include cardiac catheterization, with a need for early detection strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current diagnostic modalities for heart failure.
- To explore novel techniques and biomarkers for HF diagnosis.
- To enhance understanding of HF detection and symptom management.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a narrative review of relevant literature.
- Searched online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane.
- Focused on diagnostic techniques and emerging biomarkers for HF.
Main Results:
- Ejection fraction classification is key to defining HF types.
- Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are crucial for diagnosis.
- Various biomarkers indicate myocardial stress and volume overload.
Conclusions:
- Early HF detection is critical for improved patient outcomes.
- Biomarker testing aids in confirming HF diagnosis and etiology.
- Novel diagnostic approaches are essential for advancing HF care.
Abstract:
Heart failure (HF) can present acutely or progress over time. It can lead to morbidity and mortality affecting 6.5 million Americans over the age of 20. The HF type is described according to the ejection fraction classification, defined as the percentage of blood volume that exits the left ventricle after myocardial contraction, undergoing ejection into the circulation, also called stroke volume, and is proportional to the ejection fraction. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure to evaluate coronary artery disease leading to HF. Several biomarkers are being studied that could lead to early detection of HF and better symptom management. Testing for various biomarkers in the patient's blood is instrumental in confirming the diagnosis and elucidating the etiology of HF. There are various biomarkers elevated in response to increased myocardial stress and volume overload, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal prohormone BNP. We explored online libraries such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane to find relevant articles. Our narrative review aims to extensively shed light on diagnostic modalities and novel techniques for diagnosing HF.
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