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Compositional Engineering of Lithium Metal Anode for High-Performance Garnet-Type Solid-State Lithium Battery.

Wenhan Kong1, Suqing Wang1, Haixing Liu1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel composite anode (AN@Li) for garnet-type solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). The AN@Li enhances lithium metal anode stability and rate capability, overcoming key limitations in SSLB performance.

Keywords:
composite lithium anodeelectrochemical performancesgarnet electrolytessolid‐state batterieswettability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Garnet-type solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) offer high safety and energy density.
  • Key challenges include poor cycling stability and rate capability due to Li metal anode issues.
  • Void formation at the Li|garnet interface during Li stripping hinders performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a composite anode (AN@Li) for garnet-type SSLBs.
  • To improve interfacial wettability and Li+ diffusion within the anode.
  • To enhance the cycling stability and rate capability of SSLBs.

Main Methods:

  • A composite anode (AN@Li) was synthesized by introducing aluminum nitrate into molten lithium, forming Li-Al alloy, Li3N, and LiNO2.
  • Interfacial properties between the composite anode and garnet solid-state electrolyte (SSE) were investigated.
  • Symmetric cells and full SSLBs utilizing the AN@Li anode were fabricated and tested.

Main Results:

  • The composite anode exhibited enhanced wettability with the garnet SSE due to lower interfacial formation energies.
  • Efficient Li+ conductive pathways were established within the bulk anode.
  • Symmetric cells achieved a high critical current density of 1.95 mA cm-2 and 6000 h cycle life.
  • A full SSLB demonstrated stable cycling for 200 cycles at 1 C with 96% retention and 145.9 mAh g-1 at 2 C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed AN@Li composite anode significantly improves the performance of garnet-type SSLBs.
  • Enhanced interfacial properties and bulk ion transport are crucial for high-performance lithium metal anodes.
  • This work offers practical strategies for advancing garnet-type SSLBs.