Language-Aware Vision Transformer for Referring Segmentation

Referring segmentation is a fundamental vision-language task that aims to segment out an object from an image or video in accordance with a natural language description. One of the key challenges behind this task is leveraging the referring expression for highlighting relevant positions in the image or video frames. A paradigm for tackling this problem in both the image and the video domains is to leverage a powerful vision-language ("cross-modal") decoder to fuse features independently extracted from a vision encoder and a language encoder. Recent methods have made remarkable advances in this paradigm by exploiting Transformers as cross-modal decoders, concurrent to the Transformer's overwhelming success in many other vision-language tasks. Adopting a different approach in this work, we show that significantly better cross-modal alignments can be achieved through the early fusion of linguistic and visual features in intermediate layers of a vision Transformer encoder network. Based on the idea of conducting cross-modal feature fusion in the visual feature encoding stage, we propose a unified framework named Language-Aware Vision Transformer (LAVT), which leverages the well-proven correlation modeling power of a Transformer encoder for excavating helpful multi-modal context. This way, accurate segmentation results can be harvested with a light-weight mask predictor. One of the key components in the proposed system is a dense attention mechanism for collecting pixel-specific linguistic cues. When dealing with video inputs, we present the video LAVT framework and design a 3D version of this component by introducing multi-scale convolutional operators arranged in a parallel fashion, which can exploit spatio-temporal dependencies at different granularity levels. We further introduce unified LAVT as a unified framework that could handle both image and video inputs with enhanced segmentation capability on unified referring segmentation task. Our methods surpass previous state-of-the-art methods on seven benchmarks for referring image segmentation and referring video segmentation. The code to reproduce our experiments is available at LAVT-RS.