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Mechanism of heat transfer

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...

Mass Concreting

Mass Concreting

Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption

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Particle-Solid Transition Architecture for Efficient Passive Building Cooling.

Xiantong Yan¹, Meng Yang², Wenhui Duan³

¹Key Laboratory for Resilient Infrastructures of Coastal Cities (MOE), College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

|September 25, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new cementitious radiative cooling armor uses a particle-solid transition architecture for effective building cooling. This innovation enhances material compatibility and provides significant cooling power without electricity, paving the way for practical passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) applications.

Keywords:

building compatibility energy-efficient buildings interfacial compatibility optical anisotropy particle−solid transition architecture subambient daytime radiative cooling

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Sustainable Energy
Building Physics

Background:

Building cooling significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers an electricity-free solution but faces material compatibility challenges, especially with cementitious materials.
Existing PDRC technologies often suffer from poor integration with building substrates like concrete.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel cementitious radiative cooling material compatible with building substrates.
To overcome the limitations of existing PDRC materials regarding integration and durability.
To achieve efficient passive cooling for buildings through an innovative architectural design.

Main Methods:

Development of a particle-solid transition architecture (PSTA) for cementitious radiative cooling.
Utilizing an all-inorganic material composition for UV resistance and substrate compatibility.
Characterization of interfacial bonding strength, solar reflectance, and mid-infrared emittance.

Main Results:

The PSTA demonstrated significantly enhanced interfacial shear strength (0.93 MPa) compared to control materials.
Achieved a substantial subambient temperature drop of approximately 6.6 °C.
Exhibited a cooling power of approximately 92.8 W/m² under direct solar irradiance (∼680 W/m²).
The PSTA design ensures high solar reflectance and strong mid-infrared emittance.

Conclusions:

The proposed cementitious radiative cooling armor effectively addresses material mismatch issues in PDRC applications.
The PSTA design offers a scalable and practical approach for integrating PDRC technology into building materials.
This advancement facilitates widespread adoption of passive cooling strategies for buildings, reducing energy consumption and environmental impact.