Mpox cases finding: Evaluation of a Primary Care detection program in the Northern Metropolitan area from Barcelona...

In July 2022, an extensive outbreak of Mpox (monkeypox) was considered by WHO as a Public Health Emergency. The objective of this study is to describe the obtained results from a Mpox case detection program in a semi-urban healthcare area where approximately 420 Primary Care physicians work.

An observational prospective study performed between June 01, 2022 and December 31, 2023.

The Northern Metropolitan area of Barcelona, with 1400.000hab (Catalonia, Spain).

An unified Mpox management procedure was agreed, including a prior online training of Primary Care professionals, to individually assess all Mpox suspected cases from a clinical and epidemiological perspective.

All patients who met clinical and/or epidemiological criteria of Mpox.

Age, gender, risk classification (suspected/probable), cluster-linked (yes/no), high-risk sexual contact (yes/no), general symptoms, genital lesion and final diagnostic.

A total of 68 suspected Mpox cases were included, from which 16 (26.6%) were Mpox confirmed by PCR. Up to 13 (81.2%) were male and, among them, 12 (75%) men who have sex with men (MSM). The series, however, included two minors and three women. Among MSM, 3 (18.7%) were HIV positive and 3 had no regular access to the Public Healthcare system. Among discarded patients, any infectious disease was diagnosed in 55% of cases.

In spite of the short series, this Primary Care community-based study identified a sub-population group showing a different profile of Mpox cases compared to other published series (lower HIV prevalence, higher representativeness of heterosexual transmission and hard to reach population).