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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

Toxic leukoencephalopathies.

Gabriela Alencar Bandeira¹, Leandro Tavares Lucato¹

¹Neuroradiology Section, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, Brazil.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|September 25, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Toxic-metabolic encephalopathies cause brain damage from toxins. This review details acquired leukoencephalopathies, focusing on imaging for diagnosis and prognosis.

Keywords:

Drug-related toxic leukoencephalopathy Leukoencephalopathies Metabolic diseases Neurotoxicity Toxic–metabolic encephalopathy

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Published on: June 13, 2011

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Toxicology
Radiology

Background:

Toxic-metabolic encephalopathies are a significant cause of acute encephalopathy.
Symptoms can be nonspecific, and toxicologic tests may be limited.
Imaging is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review acquired toxic-metabolic leukoencephalopathies.
To discuss their pathophysiology and characteristic imaging patterns.
To provide a rationale for accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Review of acquired toxic-metabolic leukoencephalopathies.
Detailed commentary on pathophysiology.
Analysis of imaging patterns and diagnostic rationale.

Main Results:

Acquired toxic-metabolic leukoencephalopathies present diverse pathophysiologies.
Specific imaging findings aid in differential diagnosis.
Imaging guides further investigations and offers prognostic insights.

Conclusions:

Understanding imaging patterns is key for diagnosing toxic-metabolic leukoencephalopathies.
Early and accurate diagnosis through imaging improves patient outcomes.
This review provides a framework for interpreting neuroimaging in toxic encephalopathy.