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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Candidate selective sweeps in US wheat populations.

Sajal R Sthapit1,2, Travis M Ruff3, Marcus A Hooker4,5

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.

The Plant Genome
|September 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discovering novel plant alleles is challenging due to adaptation issues. This study identifies candidate selective sweeps (CSS) to help incorporate valuable genetic diversity from landraces into modern crop breeding programs.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Incorporating novel alleles from landraces into modern crop varieties is hindered by their unadapted genetic backgrounds.
  • Traditional backcross breeding preserves elite parent backgrounds, limiting the integration of valuable landrace genetic material.
  • Identifying adaptation-associated genomic regions offers a strategy to integrate more landrace diversity while retaining elite traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify candidate selective sweeps (CSS) associated with adaptation in plant populations.
  • To explore novel methods for incorporating genetic diversity from landraces into elite breeding programs.
  • To provide a foundation for selecting specific loci to enhance pre-breeding germplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide scan for candidate selective sweeps (CSS) using Fst, Rsb, and xpEHH statistics.
  • Analysis of multiple population pairs across different environments (time, geography, market class).
  • Utilizing population genetics approaches to detect signatures of positive selection.

Main Results:

  • Identified 446 CSS in 19 population pairs over time.
  • Detected 1033 CSS in 44 population pairs across geography and market class.
  • These CSS represent genomic regions potentially harboring beneficial alleles for adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Candidate selective sweeps (CSS) are valuable targets for incorporating adaptive alleles from landraces.
  • Selection of CSS can facilitate the integration of diverse genetic backgrounds into elite crop varieties.
  • Further validation of CSS in breeding programs can aid in developing improved pre-breeding germplasms with enhanced adaptation.