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A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

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Exploring sex differences in cardiac interoceptive accuracy using the phase adjustment task.

Ria Spooner¹, Jonathan M Bird², Nerea Irigoras Izagirre¹

¹Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK.

Psychophysiology

|September 26, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Females show superior cardiac interoceptive accuracy compared to males, despite reporting lower confidence. This finding challenges previous research on interoception sex differences.

Keywords:

interoception interoceptive accuracy interoceptive awareness interoceptive sensibility sex differences

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Physiology

Background:

Previous research indicates sex differences in interoception, with males often showing higher accuracy.
Existing tools for measuring cardiac interoception have limitations, complicating interpretation of prior findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in cardiac interoceptive accuracy using a novel phase adjustment task.
To explore potential differences in interoceptive awareness (metacognition) between sexes.

Main Methods:

Pooled data from multiple samples, including 266 individuals.
Utilized the phase adjustment task, a new measure designed to overcome limitations of previous tools.
Administered a structurally identical screener task to assess specificity.

Main Results:

Females demonstrated significantly better cardiac interoceptive accuracy than males.
Females reported lower confidence in their interoceptive performance compared to males.
Observed sex differences were specific to cardiac interoception and persisted after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a female advantage in cardiac interoceptive accuracy, contrasting with prior literature.
Findings suggest potential sex differences in interoceptive awareness and metacognition.
Results highlight the importance of using refined measures to accurately assess interoception.