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Sextortion: A Scoping Review.

Alana Ray¹, Nicola Henry¹

¹RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.

Trauma, Violence & Abuse

|September 26, 2024

Summary

Sextortion, the threat to share sexual images for coercion, affects youth and adults, with young people and sexual minorities at higher risk. Low reporting is linked to shame and fear.

Area of Science:

Criminology
Cyberpsychology
Sociology

Background:

Sextortion involves coercive threats to share sexual images, occurring in various contexts like cyberbullying and exploitation.
Despite media attention, empirical data on sextortion prevalence, nature, and impacts remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a scoping review of empirical research on sextortion victimization and perpetration in youth and adults.
To provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature.

Main Methods:

A scoping review methodology was employed.
24 empirical studies meeting predefined eligibility criteria were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

Prevalence rates varied: 0.7%-5.0% for youth and 4.0%-18.7% for adults.

Keywords:

cyber blackmail image-based sexual abuse revenge porn sextortion sexual extortion technology-facilitated sexual violence

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Young people and sexual minorities face higher victimization risks; men, youth, and sexual minorities report higher perpetration.

Perpetrators are often known individuals, with overlap between victimization and perpetration; significant harms result, yet reporting is low.

Conclusions:

Sextortion is a prevalent issue with distinct risk factors for victimization and perpetration.
Significant psychological and social harms accompany sextortion, exacerbated by low reporting rates due to shame, fear, and distrust.
Recommendations are provided for future research, policy development, and practical interventions to address sextortion.