Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Assessing Iron Deposition in the Brains of 5xFAD Mice by Perls'/DAB Staining
07:32

Assessing Iron Deposition in the Brains of 5xFAD Mice by Perls'/DAB Staining

Published on: May 23, 2025

78

Iron Deficiency and its Relationship with Chronic Heart Failure- A Review

Arshdeep Kaur1, Ranjeet Kumar1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Ghal Kalan, Punjab, 142048, India.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|September 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), worsening outcomes. Screening for ID is recommended, but oral iron supplements are not advised for CHF patients due to side effects and limited efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly chronic heart failure (CHF).
  • The incidence of ID escalates with the severity of cardiac and renal dysfunction, disproportionately affecting women.
  • Over 64 million individuals globally suffer from chronic heart failure, highlighting the widespread impact of this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifactorial pathophysiology linking clinical characteristics, functional and absolute ID, and the benefits of medical interventions in CHF.
  • To elucidate the systemic effects of iron deficiency beyond cardiac function.
  • To examine current evidence-based treatment approaches and diagnostic guidelines for ID in CHF.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of recent publications was conducted.
  • Studies included substantial scientific data on the association between CHF and ID, with or without anemia.
  • Focus was placed on identifying relevant research concerning pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Complex physiopathological interactions, including elevated hepcidin, systemic inflammation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, are implicated in CHF patients with ID.
  • These mechanisms exacerbate anemia, CHF, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity, negatively impacting patient outcomes.
  • Research findings on treatment efficacy and diagnostic guidelines remain limited and sometimes inconsistent.

Conclusions:

  • Anemia is a frequent complication and poor prognostic indicator in CHF.
  • Iron deficiency screening is crucial for cardiac patients due to its prognostic significance.
  • Oral iron supplements are generally not recommended for CHF patients owing to gastrointestinal side effects and slow hemoglobin response; intravenous iron may be considered.
Abstract

Keywords:
Heart failure (HF)acute coronary syndrome (ACS)cardiovascular disease (CVD)chronic heart failure (CHF)chronic kidney disease (CKD).hemoglobin (Hb)iron deficiency (ID)iron-binding capacity (TIBC)low ejection fraction (LVEF)mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)rennin angiotensin-aldosterone system's (RAAS)

More Related Videos

The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability06:34

The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability

Published on: April 28, 2022

4.6K
Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII04:48

Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII

Published on: May 4, 2020

8.0K

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
2
Heart Failure V: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure V: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
2
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.5K
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
5
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
2
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
3