Lactylation: An Innovative Approach to Disease Control

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Tissue microenvironment lactate levels are critical indicators of microcirculation and early organ dysfunction.
• Lactylation, a post-translational modification of protein lysine residues, is closely associated with lactate concentration.
• While initially studied on histones, lactylation also affects non-histone proteins, influencing gene expression and intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of lactylation and its role in disease pathogenesis.
• To elucidate the multifaceted roles of lactylation in various disease progressions.
• To identify novel therapeutic targets associated with lactylation for potential clinical interventions.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on lactylation.
• Analysis of the impact of lactylation on protein function and cellular processes.
• Exploration of lactylation's involvement in diverse pathological conditions.

Main Results:

• Lactylation impacts diverse biological processes, including embryonic development, neuronal excitability, inflammation, cardiovascular health, tumor progression, and aging.
• Lactylation is implicated as a pivotal regulator in numerous pathological conditions.
• Evidence suggests lactylation's significant effects on gene expression and intercellular communication.

Conclusions:

• Lactylation is a significant post-translational modification with broad implications in health and disease.
• Understanding lactylation mechanisms and roles can reveal novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
• Further research into lactylation offers promising avenues for future clinical applications.