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Urinary Incontinence in Nulliparous Female Elite Athletes: A Mixed Methods Exploration.

Zoe S Gan1, Andrea Bilger2, Ariana L Smith1

  • 1From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|September 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary incontinence (UI) affects nearly half of elite female athletes, often linked to asthma, constipation, and sexual activity. Understanding these factors is key to improving management and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Urology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) affects 40-50% of nulliparous female elite athletes.
  • Causative factors, management, and perceptions of UI in this population are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify factors precipitating UI in nulliparous female elite athletes.
  • Explore UI management strategies and their impact on sports performance and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional, mixed-methods study of Division 1, college-aged nulliparous female athletes.
  • Surveys assessed demographics, sport characteristics, medical history, bladder symptoms, and genitourinary pain.
  • Focus groups explored experiences of symptomatic athletes.

Main Results:

  • 49% of athletes experienced UI, with symptomatic athletes reporting higher rates of asthma, constipation, and sexual activity.
  • UI was precipitated by exercise (running, jumping), sustained efforts, and stressful situations.
  • Symptomatic athletes experienced worse urinary symptoms and genitourinary pain; interest in management was common.

Conclusions:

  • UI in nulliparous female elite athletes appears multifactorial, associated with medical, behavioral, and exercise-specific factors.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to inform prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Addressing UI is crucial for athlete well-being and performance.