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Quantum Limits of Covert Target Detection.

Guo Yao Tham1, Ranjith Nair1, Mile Gu1,2,3

  • 1Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, <a href="https://ror.org/02e7b5302">Nanyang Technological University</a>, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.

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This study explores quantum-enhanced covert target detection, showing entanglement-assisted methods significantly reduce errors compared to conventional approaches. These quantum protocols offer superior performance in detecting targets while evading adversaries.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum sensing

Background:

  • Covert target detection involves identifying targets amidst background noise while remaining hidden.
  • Quantum illumination utilizes quantum entanglement to enhance detection capabilities.
  • Adversarial scenarios introduce complexities in target detection, requiring stealth and robust sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive quantum-mechanical limits for entanglement-assisted covert target detection.
  • To demonstrate practical quantum protocols that approach these theoretical limits.
  • To compare quantum approaches against conventional methods in realistic adversarial settings.

Main Methods:

  • Formulating a realistic model for covert target detection in an adversarial setting.
  • Deriving quantum-mechanical bounds on error probability for entanglement-assisted detection.
  • Utilizing two-mode squeezed vacuum probes for quantum illumination protocols.
  • Analyzing performance against conventional Gaussian-distributed coherent states.

Main Results:

  • Established quantum-mechanical limits on error probability for entanglement-assisted covert target detection.
  • Demonstrated that two-mode squeezed vacuum probes can approach these limits in certain conditions.
  • Showcased the superiority of quantum protocols over conventional methods using coherent states.
  • Derived a universal performance bound for non-adversarial quantum illumination.

Conclusions:

  • Entanglement-assisted quantum target detection offers significant advantages in adversarial scenarios.
  • Two-mode squeezed vacuum probes provide a practical route to achieving near-optimal quantum detection performance.
  • Quantum illumination protocols represent a powerful advancement over classical sensing techniques for covert detection.