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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
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Quectonewton Local Force Sensor.

Yann Balland1, Luc Absil1, Franck Pereira Dos Santos1

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We developed a quantum sensor using atom interferometry to measure atom-surface forces with high precision. This sensor detected the Casimir-Polder force, a subtle quantum effect, despite experimental challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Atom-surface interactions are crucial in nanoscale science and technology.
  • Measuring weak forces at small distances is experimentally challenging.
  • The Casimir-Polder force is a fundamental quantum electrodynamic interaction between an atom and a surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize a quantum sensor for precise measurement of atom-surface interactions.
  • To achieve sub-micrometer control over atom-surface separation.
  • To detect and evidence the Casimir-Polder force.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing trapped atom interferometry in an optical lattice.
  • Implementing sub-micrometer control of the mean atom-surface separation distance.
  • Performing force measurements in the 0-300 μm range.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a short-term force sensitivity of 3.4×10⁻²⁸ N at 1 s.
  • Demonstrated a long-term force stability of 4 aN (4×10⁻³⁰ N).
  • Obtained evidence of the Casimir-Polder force despite stray forces from adsorbed atoms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantum sensor enables precise measurements of atom-surface interactions.
  • The sensor's sensitivity and stability allow for the detection of fundamental quantum forces.
  • This work paves the way for advanced studies of nanoscale forces and quantum phenomena.