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Rejection of wavefront aberrations in an atomic gradiometer.

Louis Pagot, Sébastien Merlet, Leonid A Sidorenkov

    Optics Express
    |May 4, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Laser beam distortions in atom interferometry sensors limit precision. This study quantifies these effects in cold atom gradiometers, revealing impacts on gravitational measurements and optics requirements.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Quantum Sensing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Inertial sensors using atom interferometry are limited by laser beam distortions.
    • These distortions cause phase shifts and non-uniform matter-light interactions, affecting sensor performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the impact of laser beam aberrations on cold atom gradiometers.
    • To evaluate the resulting deviations in gravitational acceleration and gradient measurements.
    • To determine surface quality requirements for optics in atom interferometry sensors.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations of laser beam aberrations in a cold atom gradiometer.
    • Analytical calculations to quantify parasitic phase shifts and non-homogeneous couplings.
    • Analysis of common-mode rejection limitations in a differential configuration.

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    Main Results:

    • Laser beam aberrations, initial asymmetry, and atomic source expansion limit phase noise rejection.
    • Deviations in gravitational acceleration and gradient are within current experimental capabilities.
    • The study provides a framework for evaluating optical surface quality based on sensor baseline.

    Conclusions:

    • Laser beam quality is critical for high-precision atom interferometry sensors.
    • The findings inform the design and optimization of cold atom gradiometers.
    • The methodology can be applied to various atom interferometer geometries and sensor types.