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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
Published on: May 1, 2018
Three-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental validation of airborne ground-penetrating radar based on
Yuelong Chi1,2, Lifeng Mao3,4, Xuben Wang5
1College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China. longyc12@163.com.
Abstract:
Traditional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) approaches face challenges with increased computational demands and errors as terrain complexity and flight altitude rising. This study introduces the Crank-Nicolson-Cycle-Sweep-FDTD (CNCS-FDTD) method, enhancing airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) simulations over undulating terrains. CNCS-FDTD, as an unconditionally stable implicit algorithm, overcomes these by allowing larger time steps without the constraints of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition. Our research aims to assess how CNCS-FDTD can improve computational efficiency and accuracy in modeling airborne GPR responses across varied terrains. Initial simulations using a three-dimensional graben model indicate that CNCS-FDTD can maintain calculation stability with significantly larger time steps, reducing computational time by 42%. To further verify the reliability of the numerical simulation results, the paper also presents experimental tests of the undulating terrain model. By comparing the numerical and physical simulation results of models under different flight altitudes and terrain conditions, the accuracy of the simulation results is validated.
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