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The Relationship between Nocturnal Enuresis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children

María Andreu-Codina1, Danica Nikolic-Jovanovic1, Eduard Esteller2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is more common in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Adenotonsillectomy (AT) improved NE in nearly half of these children, and narrower dental arch widths were observed in children with OSA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common issue in children.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized in pediatric populations.
  • The relationship between NE, OSA, and dental arch morphology requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of NE in children with OSA.
  • To assess the impact of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on NE in children with OSA.
  • To compare arch widths in children with OSA (with and without NE) to controls.

Main Methods:

  • Children aged 2-12 were grouped: OSA with NE (n=51), OSA without NE (n=79), and controls (n=168).
  • NE defined as ≥1 bedwetting/month; OSA diagnosed via polysomnography (AHI).
  • Arch widths measured at baseline and 1 year post-intervention; PSQ used for NE classification.

Main Results:

  • NE prevalence was 39.2% in children with OSA vs. 28% in controls (p=0.04).
  • Following AT, 49% of children with OSA and NE showed significant improvement.
  • Children with OSA had narrower arch widths than controls (p=0.012), most pronounced in the NE group.

Conclusions:

  • NE is more prevalent in children with OSA and may signal underlying breathing disorders.
  • Adenotonsillectomy can reduce NE in approximately half of affected children.
  • Narrower dental arch widths are associated with OSA, particularly in children experiencing NE.
Abstract

Keywords:
Pediatric Sleep Questionnaireadenotonsillectomychildren obstructive sleep apneadentofacial featuresnocturnal enuresis

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