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Dynamic Deformation in Nuclear Graphite and Underlying Mechanisms.

Melonie Thomas1, Hajin Oh1, Ryan Schoell2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pre-existing defects in nuclear graphite (IG-110) significantly influence radiation-induced deformation. Mrozowski cracks promote localized plasticity, while irradiation type impacts creep behavior and embrittlement.

Keywords:
creep deformationheavy ion irradiationin situ transmission electron microscopynuclear graphiteslip or ripplocation bands

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Solid Mechanics

Background:

  • Nuclear graphite properties are crucial for reactor performance and safety.
  • Radiation-induced defects and pre-existing flaws like Mrozowski cracks affect graphite's mechanical behavior.
  • Understanding time-dependent deformation under irradiation is vital for nuclear applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of pre-existing defects (point defect clusters, Mrozowski cracks) in nuclear graphite (IG-110) under irradiation.
  • To analyze the influence of different ion types (Au2+ and C2+) and irradiation conditions on graphite's mechanical response.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of radiation-induced deformation and embrittlement in nuclear graphite.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of IG-110 graphite with 2.8 MeV Au2+ and 8 MeV C2+ beams at specific fluences.
  • In situ mechanical loading of microscopic specimens within a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • Ex situ indentation-based creep loading experiments.

Main Results:

  • In situ TEM revealed localized plasticity around Mrozowski cracks, forming slip or ripplocation bands.
  • Slip bands were observed near defect-free regions only under very high stresses.
  • Ex situ self-ion irradiation led to embrittlement and reduced creep, while heavy ion irradiation showed opposite effects.
  • Hypothesized that large gold ions induced swelling and defect mobility channels.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-existing defects play a critical role in the dynamic stress relaxation of nuclear graphite during irradiation.
  • The type of irradiation significantly alters the mechanical response, including embrittlement and creep.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between the radiation environment and graphite's mechanical properties.