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Melt Pool Changes Characterization in Laser-Processed H11 Hot Work Tool Steel Using Point-by-Point Scanning Mode

Krzysztof Fryzowicz^1,2, Radosław Bardo^1,2, Rafał Dziurka¹

¹Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 28, 2024

Summary

Laser metal melting

Keywords:

additive manufacturing hot work laser nanoindentation point-by-point powder bed fusion steel surface

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Metallurgy
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Laser-based metal melting is a key additive manufacturing technique.
Understanding heat flux effects on alloy properties requires further investigation.
The impact of point-by-point laser operation on melt pool formation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the influence of point-by-point laser operation on melt pool formation and geometry.
Analyze these effects in H11 hot work tool steel, a phase-transformation-sensitive material.
Provide guidelines for optimizing laser melting processes.

Main Methods:

Scanned singular laser tracks on H11 sheet metal with varying laser parameters.
Eliminated layer-by-layer heat cycles' influence by using single tracks.
Examined melt pool characteristics using metallography.

Main Results:

Melt pool depth was significantly influenced by laser exposure time, not volumetric energy density.
Heat-affected zone effects were limited, suggesting minimal impact in layer-by-layer manufacturing.
Retained austenite was observed within melt pools, indicating potential micro-segregation of alloying elements.

Conclusions:

Laser exposure time is a critical parameter for controlling melt pool depth in H11 steel.
The study provides insights into melt pool behavior and microstructural evolution during laser metal melting.
Findings offer guidance for optimizing additive manufacturing processes for tool steels.