Exploring the Relationship between Cerebral Palsy and Hip Dysplasia: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample
Reem Abdullah Alyoubi1, Huda Yahya Alyahyawi2, Abrar Nayel Alsharief1
1Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Cerebral palsy (CP) significantly increases the risk of hip dysplasia (HD) in children. Female sex, older age, and higher income quartile are associated with increased HD odds in CP patients.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Pediatric Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a global condition impacting quality of life.
- Hip dysplasia (HD) is a frequent musculoskeletal complication in children with CP.
- Understanding HD prevalence and risk factors in CP is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of hip dysplasia (HD) in pediatric patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP).
- To identify risk factors associated with the development of HD in children with CP.
- To analyze the impact of CP on the likelihood of developing HD using national data.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database spanning 2016-2019.
- Identified pediatric patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and hip dysplasia (HD) using ICD-10 codes.
- Employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine predictors of HD in CP patients, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Main Results:
- CP was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of HD (multivariate OR = 26.61, p < 0.0001).
- Female sex (OR = 1.96), increasing age (OR = 1.03 per year), and higher income quartiles showed increased odds of HD.
- Racial categories demonstrated lower odds of HD compared to White patients.
Conclusions:
- A strong association exists between cerebral palsy (CP) and hip dysplasia (HD).
- Specific demographic and socioeconomic factors influence HD development in CP patients.
- Further prospective research is warranted to validate these findings and inform clinical practice.
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) significantly impacts quality of life globally. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common musculoskeletal issue in CP patients. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of HD on CP patients using a large national database. Materials and Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2019) were used, identifying CP and HD diagnoses through ICD-10 codes. Baseline characteristics were tabulated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined predictors of HD development in CP patients, presenting data as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 3,951,040 pediatric patients, 28,880 had CP (27,466 without HD, and 1414 with HD), and 3,922,160 did not have CP. CP significantly increased the likelihood of developing HD in univariate (OR = 35.03, 95% CI [33.01, 37.17], p < 0.0001) and multivariate (OR = 26.61, 95% CI [24.94, 28.40], p < 0.0001) analyses. Among patients with CP, race was significantly associated with HD, with ORs below 1 for all racial categories compared to Whites. Females had nearly twice the odds of HD compared to males (OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.86, 2.05], p < 0.0001). Age was significantly associated with HD, with each additional year increasing the odds (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.026, 1.034], p < 0.0001). Individuals in the high 51st-75th income quartile had a 17% increase in the odds of HD (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.09, 1.25], p < 0.0001) compared to the low 1st-25th income quartile. Conclusions: This study reinforces the strong association between CP and HD, highlighting the need for further research and prospective studies to validate these findings.
