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Rib Hemangiomas: Intriguing Findings from a Systematic Review of Rare Thoracic Tumors.

Jayant Kumar1,2, Jonathan Magloire1, Luis Quintero1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Rib hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors. This study analyzed 43 cases, finding they often present as asymptomatic lytic lesions, requiring surgical excision for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
hemangiomarib hemangiomarib tumorsthoracic tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Bone hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors, constituting <1% of all bone tumors.
  • Rib hemangiomas are exceptionally uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed as malignant.
  • Accurate diagnosis of rib hemangiomas is critical due to the high malignancy rate of primary rib tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on rib hemangiomas.
  • To analyze patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical presentations.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for rib hemangiomas.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following PRISMA standards.
  • Comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
  • Analysis of 40 studies comprising 43 patients using STATA/SE 17.

Main Results:

  • Rib hemangiomas demonstrated a bimodal age distribution (younger than 30 and ≥30 years).
  • Females were more affected (62.79%) than males (1.69:1 ratio).
  • Tumors were most common in mid-thoracic ribs (4-8), predominantly on the left, with a mean size of 7.27 cm and 76.19% showing osteolytic changes. Most cases (63.41%) were asymptomatic, with pain being the primary symptom in symptomatic cases.

Conclusions:

  • Rib hemangiomas warrant consideration in the differential diagnosis of thoracic tumors.
  • Distinct imaging features include well-demarcated lytic lesions.
  • Complete surgical excision, potentially aided by preoperative embolization, is typically required, necessitating combined radiologic and clinical evaluation for accurate diagnosis.