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Anthrax in Humans, Animals, and the Environment and the One Health Strategies for Anthrax Control.
Deepak Subedi1,2, Saurav Pantha1,3, Sumit Jyoti1,4
1Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Tribhuvan University, Siddarthanagar 32900, Nepal.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2024
Summary
Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is a significant public health threat. A One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives is crucial for controlling this resilient pathogen.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Public Health
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Anthrax is a serious zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, posing risks as a biological weapon.
- Bacillus anthracis spores exhibit extreme environmental resilience, persisting in soil for extended periods.
- Ruminants are highly susceptible, experiencing peracute to acute disease, while human infections range from cutaneous to severe pulmonary and enteric forms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the transmission dynamics of anthrax across environmental, animal, and human populations.
- To highlight the importance of a One Health strategy for anthrax prevention and control.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes information on anthrax transmission.
- It examines the role of the environment in disease spread.
- It discusses integrated One Health strategies.
Main Results:
- The environment is a critical factor in anthrax transmission cycles.
- Anthrax affects humans, animals, and the environment, necessitating a One Health approach.
- Collaborative efforts among medical, veterinary, and environmental professionals are essential.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive One Health strategy is vital for effective anthrax prevention and control.
- Understanding transmission dynamics across all sectors is key to mitigating anthrax risks.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is paramount in addressing this public health challenge.
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