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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

21.0K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
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Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

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Reading the m6A-encoded epitranscriptomic information in development and diseases.

Yunbing Chen1, Ziyu Zhou1, Yanxi Chen1

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Center for Regeneration and Cell Therapy of Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.

Cell & Bioscience
|September 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications are crucial for cell function and are interpreted by m6A readers. Dysfunctional m6A readers are linked to various diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CancersDevelopmentDiseasesm6Am6A readers

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification.
  • m6A profiles vary across cell types, influenced by m6A writers and erasers.
  • m6A modifications regulate RNA fate, including decay, stabilization, and transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the roles of m6A readers in biological development and disease.
  • To highlight the significance of m6A readers in cell fate transitions.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting m6A readers for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on m6A readers.
  • Analysis of m6A reader functions in development and disease.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on m6A reader-associated pathologies.

Main Results:

  • m6A readers interpret m6A-encoded epigenetic information.
  • Defects in m6A readers are implicated in a range of diseases.
  • m6A readers are critical for regulating cell fate transitions.

Conclusions:

  • m6A readers play essential roles in biological processes.
  • Dysregulation of m6A readers contributes to disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting m6A readers presents a promising therapeutic strategy for various diseases.