Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

38.1K
The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
38.1K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

4.8K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.8K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

6.7K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
6.7K
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

40.6K
Overview
40.6K
Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

55.0K
While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
55.0K
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

74.6K
Overview
74.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The overlooked risk of horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes induced by organophosphate esters in aquaculture environments.

Water research·2026
Same author

Pan-cancer integrative profiling of immune-related lncRNAs unveils tumor microenvironment subtypes and prognostic biomarkers.

Discover oncology·2026
Same author

Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Uncover Immune Dynamics and Cellular Heterogeneity in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer Transition.

MedComm·2026
Same author

Occurrence and risk assessment of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in a major drinking water reservoir by target, suspect, and nontarget screening analysis.

Water research·2026
Same author

Lithium in Typical Coastal Drinking Water Systems: Occurrence, Drivers, and Exposure Risk.

Environment & health (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Salinity reduces cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the Oryzias melastigma: Evidence from fish exposure and cell-based ion-competition assays.

Marine pollution bulletin·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
11:54

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues

Published on: October 20, 2019

9.1K

The causal relationship between hydatidiform mole and nutrients: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Guohua Zhu1, Tingting Zhu1, Ruhe Jiang2

  • 1Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|September 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin B6 may protect against hydatidiform mole (HM), a precancerous condition. Folate and magnesium also show potential links to HM development, warranting further investigation into these nutritional factors.

Keywords:
Hydatidiform moleMendelian randomization analysisMineralsRisk factorsVitamins

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development
05:44

Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development

Published on: May 17, 2024

531
Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
11:54

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues

Published on: October 20, 2019

9.1K
Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development
05:44

Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development

Published on: May 17, 2024

531
Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a precancerous gestational trophoblastic disease with geographical incidence variations.
  • Nutritional factors are implicated in the occurrence of HM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between specific nutrient levels and HM using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized publicly available genome-wide association study data for vitamins (retinol, B12, B6, C, D, E, folate, carotene) and minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium).
  • Employed MR Egger, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and MR-PRESSO methods for association and pleiotropy testing, adhering to STROBE-MR guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin B6 demonstrated a significant protective effect against HM (IVW OR: 0.365, P < 0.05).
  • Folate and magnesium exhibited suggestive associations with HM.
  • Reverse MR analysis indicated that serum nutrient level differences in HM patients may not be directly caused by the mole.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin B6 may offer protection against hydatidiform mole.
  • Folate and magnesium warrant further research for their potential roles in HM development.