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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Dementia: Common Syndromes and Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors.

Kharine R Jean1, Vonetta M Dotson2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia involves cognitive decline. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and social engagement can help prevent dementia. Healthcare providers can guide patients toward brain-healthy behaviors.

Keywords:
AgingAlzheimer’s diseaseCognitionCognitive impairmentPreventionResilienceVascular dementiaVulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dementia encompasses various conditions causing progressive cognitive decline and functional impairment.
  • Neuropsychological evaluation is crucial for diagnosing dementia and planning treatment.
  • Modifiable risk factors offer potential pathways for dementia prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of neuropsychological evaluation in dementia diagnosis and management.
  • To emphasize the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in dementia prevention.
  • To outline strategies for healthcare providers to promote brain-healthy behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on dementia, neuropsychological assessment, and risk factor modification.
  • Analysis of the impact of nutrition, physical activity, sleep, cognitive and social engagement, and stress on dementia risk.
  • Examination of the role of healthcare providers in patient education and resource connection.

Main Results:

  • Neuropsychological testing provides essential data for differentiating dementia subtypes and guiding interventions.
  • Lifestyle modifications targeting nutrition, physical activity, sleep, cognitive/social engagement, and stress management are key to dementia prevention.
  • Healthcare providers play a vital role in educating patients about risk factors and facilitating access to resources for behavior change.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation is fundamental for effective dementia care.
  • Proactive management of modifiable risk factors is critical for dementia prevention strategies.
  • Empowering patients through education and resource connection by healthcare providers can significantly reduce dementia risk.