Protective Effect of Berberine Nanoparticles Against Cardiotoxic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a potent and highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the clinical use of ATO is hampered by different cardiopathologic outcomes, such as arrhythmia and heart failure. Berberine has several beneficial effects because of its antioxidant activity; however, the potential cardioprotective function of this alkaloid against arsenic-induced cardiac toxicity has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ATO in rat heart tissue and the effect of berberine nanoparticles (NB) on cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress (OS) indices, and histopathological changes in heart tissue. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 6): (1) Control animals that received 0.5 cc saline via gavage, (2) ATO group (4 mg/kg), (3) ATO + NB (2.5 mg/kg), (4) ATO + NB (5 mg/kg), and (5) ATO + NB (10 mg/kg) groups. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 45 days. Cardiac enzymes and OS biomarkers in heart tissue were measured. Histopathological examination of the heart tissue was also conducted at the end of the study. ATO injection significantly increased cardiac enzyme levels and OS biomarkers in rat's heart tissue. It also changed the histological features of the heart. NB administration significantly decreased the serum and tissue levels of cardiac enzyme and OS biomarkers in ATO-exposed animals (p < 0.05) and improved myocardial structural damage. NB, potent antioxidant, can reduce the unfavorable effects of ATO in rat heart tissue by balancing OS markers.