In vivo imaging of human retinal ganglion cells using optical coherence tomography without adaptive optics

Retinal ganglion cells play an important role in human vision, and their degeneration results in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging these cells in the living human retina can greatly improve the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. However, owing to their translucent soma and tight packing arrangement within the ganglion cell layer (GCL), successful imaging has only been achieved with sophisticated research-grade adaptive optics (AO) systems. For the first time we demonstrate that GCL somas can be resolved and cell morphology can be quantified using non-AO optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices with optimal parameter configuration and post-processing.