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Updated: Jun 11, 2025
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
Published on: February 10, 2023
Assessment of Voiding Dysfunction and Nocturnal Enuresis Rates in Primary School Children in Nablus, Palestine: A
Suha Hamshari1,2, Dima Salman1, Dina Jaber1
1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Insights
Voiding dysfunction (VD) affects many primary school children in Palestine, with high rates of daytime incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. Early detection and awareness are crucial for effective treatment and reducing psychological impact.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Public Health
Background:
- Voiding dysfunction (VD) is a common reason for pediatric urology referrals.
- Symptoms include urinary incontinence, urinary tract infections, and constipation.
- Nocturnal enuresis requires early detection due to significant psychological and behavioral impacts on children and families.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of voiding disorders in Palestinian primary school children.
- To investigate the relationship between voiding dysfunction and demographic, familial, and behavioral risk factors.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted.
- A two-part validated questionnaire was administered to mothers of primary school-age children.
- Data were collected between December 2022 and March 2023.
Main Results:
- Out of 169 children, 23.2% experienced daytime incontinence and 28.4% had nocturnal enuresis.
- Age was significantly correlated with voiding dysfunction (P=.025), with 55.6% of affected children under 7 years old.
Conclusions:
- Voiding dysfunction is a widespread issue among primary school children in Palestine.
- Increased awareness is vital to reduce social stigma and encourage timely treatment.
- Educational programs focused on primary care screening can facilitate early diagnosis and management.
Background:
Voiding dysfunction (VD) is a frequent reason for primary care referrals to urologists and pediatric urologists. VD symptoms include urine incontinence (UI), urinary tract infection (UTI), hyperactive bladder, and constipation. Early detection of Nocturnal enuresis is critical due to its high frequency and the consequences for families and children regarding psychological and behavioral aspects.
Objectives:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of voiding disorder in Palestine and its relationship to demographic, family, and behavioral risk factors.
Design:
A cross-sectional study.
Methods:
This study administered a 2-part validated questionnaire to the mothers of primary school-age children who had no history of urological disease between December 2022 and March 2023.
Results:
Out of 169 children; daytime incontinence was found in 39 (23.2%) of the sample, whereas nocturnal enuresis was found in 49 (28.4%). Age was significantly correlated with voiding dysfunction, in which 25 (55.6%) were under the age of 7 years (P = .025).
Conclusion:
According to our data, VD is a widespread health issue in primary school. Expanding our understanding of voiding dysfunction is important to eliminate the social stigma associated with voiding disorder and encourage parents and children to seek treatments and therapies. Furthermore, raising awareness will aid in early diagnosis, resulting in fewer long-term problems and earlier treatments. Raising awareness can be accomplished through educational programs focusing on primary care screening.
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