Impact of Digital Health Interventions on Birth Equity: A Review

The rise in smartphone utilization and technology uptake has popularized digital health interventions as a means of supporting healthy pregnancies and optimizing maternal and child health. Digital health interventions include several modalities, such as telemedicine, remote patient monitoring, smartphone applications, web-based interventions, wearables, and health information technology. However, the impact of these interventions on improving maternal and infant health outcomes by race and socioeconomic status to achieve birth equity is unknown. This review summarizes current literature on the impact of digital health interventions on the outcomes of communities of color and lower socioeconomic status in the United States. We demonstrate there is emerging evidence of the impact of digital health interventions on maternal health outcomes, particularly for telemedicine, but evidence specifically focused on assessing outcomes by race and ethnicity and for other modalities, like mHealth apps or wearables, is limited. Digital health interventions may play a part in birth equity initiatives, but should not be considered a standalone solution, and instead should be integrated into other existing efforts to achieve birth equity, like diversifying the clinician workforce, expanding access to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care, or delivering respectful maternity care.