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Research progress of exosomes from different sources in myocardial ischemia
Huan Yan1, Huang Ding1, Ruo-Xi Xie1
1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
Insights
Exosomes show promise as a cell-free therapy for ischemic heart disease (IHD), offering a novel approach to protect the heart muscle. This research explores their therapeutic potential and diagnostic applications for myocardial ischemia (MI).
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Cell Biology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) results from myocardial ischemia (MI), with increasing incidence and limitations in traditional drug and surgical treatments.
- Current therapies for IHD face challenges like drug resistance, side effects, vascular damage, and infection risks.
- There is a critical need for innovative, cell-free therapeutic strategies for myocardial ischemia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the formation, consequences, and biological roles of exosomes in myocardial ischemia (MI).
- To explore the therapeutic mechanisms of exosomes from various sources in treating MI.
- To discuss the potential of exosomes, including those pretreated with medicines, as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents for IHD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the biological functions and therapeutic applications of exosomes in myocardial ischemia (MI).
- Analysis of research on exosome-mediated intercellular communication in protecting ischemic myocardium.
- Examination of studies involving exosomes pretreated with traditional Chinese and Western medicines for MI treatment.
Main Results:
- Exosomes from diverse cell origins demonstrate protective effects on ischemic myocardium through mechanisms like promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting fibrosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis.
- Pretreatment of exosomes with Chinese and Western medicines enhances their efficacy in mitigating myocardial ischemia.
- Exosomes exhibit potential as both diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents for MI.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes represent a promising cell-free therapeutic avenue for myocardial ischemia (MI), offering advantages over conventional treatments.
- Further research into exosome biology and therapeutic applications could revolutionize the management of ischemic heart disease (IHD).
- The dual role of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy underscores their significant potential in cardiovascular medicine.
Abstract:
Ischemic heart disease refers to the imbalance between the supply and demand of myocardial blood; it has various causes and results in a class of clinical diseases characterized by myocardial ischemia (MI). In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has become higher and higher, and the number of patients with ischemic heart disease has also increased year by year. Traditional treatment methods include drug therapy and surgical treatment, both of which have limitations. The former maybe develop risks of drug resistance and has more significant side effects, while the latter may damage blood vessels and risk infection. At this stage, a new cell-free treatment method needs to be explored. Many research results have shown that exosomes from different cell sources can protect the ischemic myocardium via intercellular action methods, such as promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis and pyroptosis, and providing a new basis for the treatment of MI. In this review, we briefly introduce the formation and consequences of myocardial ischemia and the biology of exosomes, and then focus on the role and mechanism of exosomes from different sources in MI. We also discuss the role and mechanism of exosomes pretreated with Chinese and Western medicines on myocardial ischemia. We also discuss the potential of exosomes as diagnostic markers and therapeutic drug for MI.
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