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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Rabies in equids in Sudan.

Yahia H Ali1, Tenzeil A G Mohieddeen, Muaz M Abdellatif

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; and Virology Department, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Khartoum. y1beik@gmail.com.

The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
|October 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equid rabies outbreaks occur annually in Sudan, posing a public health risk. This study analyzed 35 outbreaks from 2010-2022, highlighting significant correlations with year, season, and location.

Keywords:
Sudanequinefluorescent antibody testrabiesreverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rabies is a persistent threat in Sudan, with annual outbreaks primarily affecting dogs, goats, and equids.
  • Equid rabies, specifically, requires focused investigation due to the close contact of these animals with humans and other livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current situation of equid rabies in Sudan from 2010 to 2022.
  • To identify epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with equid rabies outbreaks.
  • To assess the public health implications of equid rabies in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of reported equid rabies outbreaks in Sudan between 2010 and 2022.
  • Laboratory confirmation of rabies virus antigen in affected animals using the fluorescent antibody test.
  • Detection of viral nucleic acid via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • A total of 35 equid rabies outbreaks affected 66 animals during the study period.
  • The highest incidence rates were observed in Al Gezira (30.3%), Darfur (24.2%), and Kordofan (15.2%).
  • Significant correlations were found between rabid animals and year, season (October-December highest), and state, with year and season showing significant association with the disease.

Conclusions:

  • Equid rabies represents a significant public health concern in Sudan due to the close proximity of equids to humans and other animals.
  • Effective control and prevention strategies are crucial to mitigate the impact of equid rabies.
  • Continued surveillance and laboratory confirmation are essential for understanding and managing rabies in equids.