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Decoding trace element speciation in mushrooms: Analytical techniques, comprehensive data review, and health

Alejandro R López1, Elena Ortega-Caneda2, Estrella Espada-Bellido2

  • 1University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Institute for Viticulture and Agri-food Research (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.

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|October 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review analyzes trace element speciation in edible mushrooms, finding that while chromium and antimony pose low risks, mercury, arsenic, and selenium levels in some samples exceed safe intake limits, necessitating further research.

Keywords:
ArsenicChromium (VI)Health riskMethylmercuryMushroomsTrace elements speciation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Food Safety
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Edible mushrooms accumulate trace elements from their environment.
  • Understanding trace element speciation is crucial for assessing health risks.
  • Existing literature on this topic is fragmented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review analytical methods for trace element speciation in edible mushrooms.
  • To compile and analyze existing literature data on key trace elements (As, Cr, Se, Hg, Sb).
  • To assess the health risks associated with trace element intake from mushroom consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Analysis of extraction, separation, and quantification techniques for trace elements.
  • Compilation and synthesis of data on arsenic, chromium, selenium, mercury, and antimony speciation.

Main Results:

  • Chromium is generally non-bioaccumulative; Sb(V) is the prevalent antimony species.
  • Mercury accumulation was noted in mushrooms from contaminated sites.
  • Arsenic and selenium speciation is diverse, with some samples exceeding safe intake limits for inorganic arsenic and selenium enrichment.

Conclusions:

  • While Cr(VI) and Sb pose low risks, mercury and methylmercury present significant hazards, especially from contaminated areas.
  • Standardized analytical methods and speciation of all toxicologically relevant species are needed.
  • Further research on cooking impacts is required to accurately evaluate health risks and establish safe consumption guidelines.