Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

680
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
680
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

959
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
959
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.6K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential Image Sensor With Decoupled Static and Dynamic Outputs.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Oppositely Charged Single Enzyme Nanogels Form Versatile Coacervates for Efficient Enzyme Cascade Catalysis.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Engineering a Transmembrane Receptor for Coacervate-Based Artificial Cells.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Converging frontiers in biomolecular condensate and synthetic cell research.

npj biomedical innovations·2026
Same author

Bio-Propelled Stomatocyte Nanomotors with Glutathione-Responsiveness for Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Reconfiguration of Multiphase Coacervate Droplets Into Self-Regulated Nested Artificial Cells.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
10:16

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

8.0K

Engineering Functional Particles to Modulate T Cell Responses.

Yudong Li1, Shukun Li1,2, Jari F Scheerstra1

  • 1Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

Accounts of Materials Research
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Engineered particulate biomaterials are advancing T cell-based immunomodulation for treating diseases. These functional particles help regulate T cell responses in immunotherapy, including adoptive T cell therapy and immune checkpoint therapy.

More Related Videos

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
06:10

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Published on: May 9, 2025

140
Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
09:28

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: November 17, 2018

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
10:16

Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: October 12, 2018

8.0K
Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
06:10

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Published on: May 9, 2025

140
Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
09:28

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: November 17, 2018

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Therapeutic Engineering

Background:

  • T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, working with other immune cells to combat infections and cancers.
  • Dysregulated T cell responses can lead to autoimmune diseases, necessitating external regulation.
  • Current immunotherapies often require external engineering of T cells to enhance their efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and development of T cell-based immunomodulation using particulate biomaterials.
  • To outline key design considerations for functional particle platforms that modulate T cell features.
  • To discuss therapeutic applications in adoptive T cell therapy, immune checkpoint therapy, and immune tolerance restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of nano- to micrometer-sized particulate biomaterials with T cell recognition and activation signals.
  • Utilizing particles as vehicles for targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic cargos (drugs, cytokines, antibodies).
  • Designing particles for in vivo reprogramming or suppression of overactive T cells.

Main Results:

  • Microparticles mimicking antigen-presenting cells have shown success in ex vivo T cell expansion for adoptive T cell therapy.
  • Particle-assisted delivery systems enable tailored drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing toxicity.
  • Functional particles offer potential for restoring immune tolerance by modulating aberrant T cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • Functional particulate biomaterials are critical for advancing T cell-based immunotherapies.
  • Strategic design of particle platforms allows for precise modulation of T cell responses.
  • Further research into particle engineering holds promise for treating cancers, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders.