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Air-Stable Membrane-Free Magnesium Redox Flow Batteries.

Rajeev K Gautam1, Jack J McGrath1, Xiao Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States.

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|October 3, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a stable, high-voltage magnesium membrane-free biphasic self-stratified battery (MBSB) using aqueous/nonaqueous electrolytes. The MBSB demonstrates excellent performance and longevity, advancing magnesium chemistry in organic flow batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Membrane-free biphasic self-stratified batteries (MBSBs) offer manufacturing flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
  • Aqueous/nonaqueous electrolyte systems are key to developing advanced battery technologies.
  • Magnesium (Mg) metal anodes are promising for high-energy-density batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultrastable, high-voltage Mg-based MBSB using an aqueous/nonaqueous electrolyte system.
  • To evaluate the performance of Mg MBSBs with metal-free catholytes (TEMPO and C3-PTZ) under various conditions.
  • To demonstrate the potential of Mg chemistry in organic flow batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered an aqueous electrolyte with a 3.24 V electrochemical stability window.
  • Developed a Mg metal anode with a Mg2+-conductive protective coating.
  • Utilized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdinyl oxy (TEMPO) and N-propyl phenothiazine (C3-PTZ) as metal-free catholytes.
  • Tested Mg||TEMPO and Mg||C3-PTZ MBSBs under static, stirred, and flow conditions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high cell voltages of 2.07 V (Mg||TEMPO) and 2.12 V (Mg||C3-PTZ).
  • Static batteries (0.5 M) showed >97% capacity retention over 500 cycles at 8 mA/cm2.
  • Flow batteries achieved power densities of 195 mW/cm2 (Mg||TEMPO) and 191 mW/cm2 (Mg||C3-PTZ).

Conclusions:

  • The developed Mg MBSBs exhibit remarkable stability, high voltage, and excellent cycling performance.
  • These cost-effective batteries advance the application of Mg chemistry in organic flow batteries.
  • The findings highlight the potential of MBSBs for next-generation energy storage solutions.