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Related Concept Videos

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the branched isomers are given...
Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

Conformations of Ethane and Propane

In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
Staggered conformation is a low energy and more stable conformation with the C-H bonds on the front carbon placed at 60°dihedral angles relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon, leading to a reduced torsional strain. In staggered ethane, the...
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes


The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

Reply to E. Topkan et al

Erin E Watson1, Katrina Hueniken1, Junhyung Lee1

  • 1Erin E. Watson, DMD, MSHc Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Katrina Hueniken, MSc Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, Junhyung Lee, DDS Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, Sophie H. Huang, MD, MSc, MRT(T) Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Amr El Maghrabi, DDS Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, Wei Xu, PhD Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada, Amy C. Moreno, MD MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, C. Jillian Tsai, MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Ezra Hahn, MD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Andrew J. McPartlin, MD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Christopher M.K.L. Yao, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, David P. Goldstein, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, John R. De Almeida, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Health Network/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada and Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, John N. Waldon, MD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Clifton D. Fuller, MD MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, Andrew J. Hope, MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Salvatore L. Ruggiero, DMD, MD Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY and Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Uniondale, NY, Michael Glogauer, DDS, PhD Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and Ali Hosni, MD, MSc, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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