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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sex Differences in Obstructive Patterns on Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Tiffany Husman1, Tania Benjamin1, Megan L Durr1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|October 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Females with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show less complete oropharyngeal collapse during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Further research is needed to understand sex-based differences in OSA physiology.

Keywords:
drug‐induced sleep endoscopyobstructive sleep apneasex differencessleep‐disordered breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition affecting millions worldwide.
  • Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a key diagnostic tool for OSA.
  • Understanding sex-based differences in OSA pathophysiology is crucial for tailored treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and describe the differences in collapse patterns observed during DISE between male and female patients with OSA.
  • To identify specific anatomical or physiological factors contributing to these sex-based variations in airway collapse.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients undergoing DISE from 2020 to 2023.
  • Inclusion of 117 patients (30% female) with varying OSA severity.
  • Univariate and multivariate analyses to compare collapse patterns between sexes, controlling for BMI and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in palatine or lingual tonsil size between sexes.
  • Females demonstrated a significantly lower rate of complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse (25.7% vs. 51.2% in males, P=.008).
  • Male sex was an independent predictor of complete oropharyngeal collapse (OR 2.55), while higher BMI predicted any oropharyngeal collapse.

Conclusions:

  • A lower proportion of females experience complete oropharyngeal lateral wall collapse in OSA, independent of BMI and AHI.
  • These findings highlight potential sex-specific differences in OSA mechanisms.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying physiological variations in OSA between males and females.