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Diagnostic value of IFN-gamma in tuberculous pleural effusion
Hongchun Huang1, Yonghuai Li1, Xiaohui Cao1
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province Public Health Clinical Center, HeFei, Anhui, China.
Background:
Simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remains challenging. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of IFN-γ in diagnosing TPE.
Methods:
We quantified the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in blood (B), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and IFN-γ in pleural effusions (PE) from 25 TPE patients and 31 non-TPE patients using a combination of immunological assays and flow cytometric analysis. The diagnostic performance of these three biomarkers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results:
We found that IFN-γ levels in blood and pleural fluid were higher in the TPE group than in the non-TPE group. The mean concentration of IFN-γ in pleural fluid of the TPE group was 3140.90 (1817.94, 6611.05) pg/mL, while that of the non-TPE group was 4.91 (0.69, 8.6) pg/mL), and the difference was statistically significant (z = 6.39, P < 0.001). The mean blood IFN-γ was 40.19 (16.45, 59.08) pg/mL in the TPE group and 2.76 (1.96, 6.02) pg/mL in the non-TPE group, which was statistically different (z = 5.12, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for pleural fluid IFN-γ, blood IFN-γ, and ADA were 0.999 (95 % CI: 0.994-1.00), 0.901 (95 % CI: 0.798-1.00) and 0.996 (95 % CI: 0.987-1.00), respectively.
Conclusion:
This study confirms that IFN-γ has high diagnostic validity in patients with TPE and can potentially be an excellent biomarker.
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