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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Exploring cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) worldwide: Current epidemiological insights and recent developments.

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Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gut-brain disorder causing severe nausea and vomiting. Global epidemiological data is limited, hindering diagnosis and equitable care, especially for minority groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a gut-brain interaction disorder characterized by recurrent severe nausea and vomiting.
  • Limited epidemiological data exists globally, with most research from the US, impacting diagnosis and healthcare utilization.
  • Inconsistent methodologies and disease recognition contribute to wide variations in reported CVS prevalence and incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of global CVS prevalence and incidence rates.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in CVS epidemiology and raise disease awareness.
  • To address health disparities and social determinants impacting CVS outcomes, particularly in the US.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of epidemiological studies on CVS prevalence and incidence.
  • Analysis of data from diverse geographical regions.
  • Examination of factors contributing to diagnostic delays and healthcare disparities.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence and incidence rates of CVS vary significantly worldwide.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist in the global epidemiology of CVS.
  • Disparities in CVS outcomes are noted among ethnic minorities in the US, linked to social determinants of health.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive global epidemiological data is needed to improve CVS diagnosis and management.
  • Increased awareness and global collaboration are essential for understanding and treating CVS.
  • Addressing social determinants of health is crucial for achieving equitable CVS care globally.