Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Optical Tissue Phantoms Containing Macrostructure
Published on: February 12, 2018
Explor-A-Thora: A Novel Three-Dimensionally Printed Pleural Simulator
Ilana Roberts Krumm1, Scott Drapeau2, Bryan Kim3
1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine.
A new, low-cost 3D-printed pleural procedure simulator offers realistic tactile feedback and ultrasound compatibility. This high-fidelity simulation tool enhances procedural education and improves patient care by addressing limitations of current training options.
Area of Science:
- Medical Simulation
- Biomedical Engineering
- Procedural Training
Background:
- Simulation-based mastery is the gold standard for procedural education, replacing traditional apprenticeships.
- There is a need for high-fidelity, cost-effective pleural procedure simulators with realistic haptic feedback and ultrasound compatibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a low-cost, ultrasound-compatible pleural procedure simulator that mimics human tissue characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized design-based research principles and rapid iteration in collaboration with UCSF and UC Berkeley.
- Employed three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to create the simulator components.
- Innovated fluid pocket and skin layers for realistic tactile feedback and ultrasound imaging.
Main Results:
- Developed a 3D-printed pleural procedure simulator with realistic tactile feedback and ultrasound compatibility.
- The simulator features a 3D-printed rib cage, advanced fluid pocket, and skin layers.
- The final model is significantly less expensive than commercial alternatives, with durable and replaceable parts.
Conclusions:
- A novel, low-cost, high-fidelity pleural procedure simulator has been developed, addressing limitations of current commercial options.
- The simulator integrates 3D printing and accessible materials to replicate human tissue feel and allow ultrasound use.
- This adaptable and scalable simulator can enhance procedural education and positively impact patient care.
Related Concept Videos
Pleura of the Lungs
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pneumothorax-I
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

