Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

88
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
88
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

13.1K
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
13.1K
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

4.6K
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
4.6K
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

176
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
176

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Overprinting with tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

High-efficiency multi-scale holographic volumetric 3D printing with a phase light modulator.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Training of physical neural networks.

Nature·2025
Same author

Training hybrid neural networks with multimode optical nonlinearities using digital twins.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2025
Same author

Holographic tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Resource-efficient photonic networks for next-generation AI computing.

Light, science & applications·2025
Same journal

Self-Organized Nanoplasmonic Artificial Leaf for Hot-Carrier Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Nature photonics·2026
Same journal

Isotropic shrinkage of patterned vacancies enables three-dimensional nanoprecise metastructures for visible light applications.

Nature photonics·2026
Same journal

Optical convolutional spectrometer.

Nature photonics·2026
Same journal

Strong ultrafast nonlinear optical response from megaelectronvolt electrons in semiconductors.

Nature photonics·2026
Same journal

All-optical polarization control in time-varying low-index films via plasma symmetry breaking.

Nature photonics·2026
Same journal

Experimental memory control in continuous-variable optical quantum reservoir computing.

Nature photonics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

9.7K

Nonlinear processing with linear optics.

Mustafa Yildirim1,2, Niyazi Ulas Dinc1,2, Ilker Oguz1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature Photonics
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel optical framework for neural networks using multiple scattering. This method enables low-power, high-speed optical computing by performing linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently, overcoming electronic limitations.

Keywords:
Applied opticsOther photonics

More Related Videos

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
09:13

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

7.5K
The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

9.7K
Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
09:13

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

7.5K
The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

21.7K

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Computing
  • Artificial Intelligence Hardware

Background:

  • Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer breakthroughs but require significant electronic computing power.
  • Optical implementations promise enhanced energy efficiency and speed by utilizing optical bandwidth and interconnections.
  • A key challenge is implementing multilayer optical networks without electronics due to the lack of low-power optical nonlinearities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel optical framework for realizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations in neural networks.
  • To overcome the limitations of electronic components in multilayer optical network implementation.
  • To achieve low-power, high-speed optical computing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing multiple scattering of light through a scattering medium.
  • Leveraging the nonlinear relationship between scattering potential (data) and the scattered optical field.
  • Employing low-power continuous-wave light for optical nonlinear computing.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel framework capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently.
  • Showcased nonlinear optical computing with low-power continuous-wave light through repeated data scattering.
  • Empirically found that the scaling of this optical framework follows a power law.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple scattering offers a viable pathway for low-power, high-speed optical neural network implementation.
  • This approach bypasses the need for electronic components in multilayer optical networks.
  • The power-law scaling suggests potential for efficient scalability of optical computing architectures.