Efficient Characterization of Qudit Logical Gates with Gate Set Tomography Using an Error-Free Virtual Z Gate Model

Area of Science:

• Quantum Information Science
• Quantum Computing
• Quantum Error Characterization

Background:

• Gate set tomography (GST) is crucial for characterizing quantum logic gates and identifying errors in quantum processors.
• Traditional GST demands substantial data and computational power, limiting its scalability.
• Accurate characterization is essential for building reliable quantum computers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a more computationally efficient GST protocol for qudits (quantum systems with more than two states).
• To reduce the resource requirements for accurate quantum gate and error estimation.
• To enhance the practicality of GST for large-scale quantum computing applications.

Main Methods:

• Proposed an efficient GST approach for qudits using Hadamard and virtual Z gates.
• Constructed fiducial sets leveraging these gates.
• Assumed virtual Z gates to be error-free to simplify the model estimation process.

Main Results:

• Significantly reduced the computational costs associated with estimating GST characterization results.
• Demonstrated the experimental viability of the proposed efficient GST method.
• Successfully applied the approach to a superconducting transmon qutrit.

Conclusions:

• The novel GST method offers a practical and scalable solution for qudit characterization.
• Reduced computational overhead makes complex quantum processor analysis more accessible.
• This advancement facilitates the development of more robust and larger quantum systems.