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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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949
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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1.0K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Quadrupole Coupling of Circular Rydberg Qubits to Inner Shell Excitations.

M Wirth1, C Hölzl1, A Götzelmann1

  • 15. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, <a href="https://ror.org/04vnq7t77">Universität Stuttgart</a>, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate electric quadrupole coupling in circular Rydberg atoms using strontium. This advances quantum simulation by enabling optical control of highly excited qubits via ionic core manipulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum simulation and computing
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Divalent atoms offer enhanced control in Rydberg atom-based quantum technologies due to their second optically active valence electron.
  • Circular Rydberg atoms are particularly promising due to long-lived ionic core excitations and resistance to autoionization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and demonstrate electric quadrupole coupling between a metastable ionic core level and a high-n circular Rydberg qubit.
  • To explore optical control of highly excited circular Rydberg states via ionic core manipulation for quantum simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized doubly excited ^{88}Sr atoms prepared in an optical tweezer array.
  • Implemented electric quadrupole coupling between the metastable 4D_{3/2} level and a high-n (n=79) circular Rydberg qubit.
  • Employed beat-node Ramsey interferometry with spin echo to measure the differential level shift on the circular Rydberg qubit.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured kHz-scale differential level shifts, demonstrating electric quadrupole coupling.
  • Achieved coherent interrogation of Rydberg states for over 100 μs, aided by tweezer trapping and enhanced circular state lifetime.
  • Observed no significant loss of qubit coherence under continuous photon scattering on the ion core.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a new method for accessing weak electron-electron interactions in Rydberg atoms.
  • Expanded the quantum simulation toolbox by enabling optical control of circular Rydberg qubits through ionic core manipulation.
  • Paved the way for laser cooling and imaging of Rydberg atoms by confirming coherence under photon scattering.