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Surging compound drought-heatwaves underrated in global soils.

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Soil compound drought-heatwaves (SCDHWs) are increasing globally in frequency and intensity due to climate warming. These events threaten soil ecosystems, carbon neutrality, and food security, especially in northern high latitudes and South America.

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Science
  • Climate Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Compound drought-heatwaves (CDHWs) accelerate soil warming and drying, leading to soil compound drought-heatwaves (SCDHWs).
  • The global behavior and response of SCDHWs to climatic warming remain underexplored, despite their threat to soil ecosystem health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the global trends in SCDHWs from 1980 to 2023.
  • To investigate the influence of climatic warming on SCDHWs.
  • To compare SCDHWs with CDHWs and assess their implications for carbon neutrality and food security.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global SCDHW data from 1980 to 2023.
  • Identification of trends in frequency, duration, intensity, and affected area.
  • Assessment of regional hotspots and influencing factors like El Niño and land-use change.

Main Results:

  • Global SCDHWs show significant increases in frequency, duration, peak intensity, and severity since the early 2000s.
  • Intensive soil warming and land-use changes (e.g., deforestation, ecosystem transformation) exacerbate SCDHWs.
  • SCDHWs exhibit higher frequencies, longer durations, greater severities, and faster growth rates than CDHWs, with droughts becoming the primary constraint.

Conclusions:

  • SCDHWs are escalating globally and projected to persist, posing a significant threat to soil health and ecosystem services.
  • Northern high latitudes are experiencing intensified SCDHWs due to soil warming, while South America faces prolonged durations.
  • Addressing SCDHWs is critical for achieving global carbon neutrality and food security goals.