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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
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Microstructural Characterization of Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations Using Orthogonal Analytical Techniques.

Gonçalo Farias1,2, William J Ganley3,4, Robert Price3,4

  • 1Pharmaceutical Surface Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. goncalo.farias01@aptar.com.

Pharmaceutical Research
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Morphologically-Directed Raman Spectroscopy (MDRS) and dissolution are effective orthogonal techniques for evaluating dry powder inhaler (DPI) aerosolized dose microstructural equivalence. These methods help link material properties to in vivo performance.

Keywords:
bioequivalencedissolutiondry powder inhalerorthogonal analytical techniquesraman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) require robust analytical methods to assess drug product performance.
  • Understanding the impact of material properties and processing on in vivo performance is crucial for locally-acting DPIs.
  • Microstructural equivalence of the aerosolized dose is a key factor in DPI efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of Morphologically-Directed Raman Spectroscopy (MDRS) and dissolution as orthogonal techniques.
  • To assess the microstructural equivalence of the aerosolized dose of DPIs.
  • To understand the impact of material properties and processing on in vivo performance.

Main Methods:

  • Commercial DPIs with Fluticasone Propionate (FP) and Salmeterol Xinafoate (SX) were sourced.
  • Aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD), dissolution, and MDRS studies were conducted.
  • Principle component analysis was used to identify discriminating agglomerate classes.

Main Results:

  • APSD testing alone may not fully explain in vivo performance differences.
  • Dissolution studies revealed varying rates between different commercial FP/SX products.
  • MDRS results supported dissolution findings, correlating dissolution rate with soluble component fraction.

Conclusions:

  • MDRS and dissolution successfully served as orthogonal techniques for analyzing DPI aerosolized doses.
  • These in vitro methods provide a valuable link between material attributes/process parameters and in vivo performance.
  • Further development of in vitro assessment tools for DPIs is highlighted as important.