Detection and isolation of brain tumors in cancer patients using neural network techniques in MRI images

MRI imaging primarily focuses on the soft tissues of the human body, typically performed prior to a patient's transfer to the surgical suite for a medical procedure. However, utilizing MRI images for tumor diagnosis is a time-consuming process. To address these challenges, a new method for automatic brain tumor diagnosis was developed, employing a combination of image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification techniques to isolate the specific region of interest in an MRI image corresponding to a brain tumor. The proposed method in this study comprises five distinct steps. Firstly, image pre-processing is conducted, utilizing various filters to enhance image quality. Subsequently, image thresholding is applied to facilitate segmentation. Following segmentation, feature extraction is performed, analyzing morphological and structural properties of the images. Then, feature selection is carried out using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, classification is performed using an artificial neural network (ANN). In total, 74 unique features were extracted from each image, resulting in a dataset of 144 observations. Principal component analysis was employed to select the top 8 most effective features. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) leverage comprehensive data and selective knowledge. Consequently, the proposed approach was evaluated and compared with alternative methods, resulting in significant improvements in precision, accuracy, and F1 score. The proposed method demonstrated notable increases in accuracy, with improvements of 99.3%, 97.3%, and 98.5% in accuracy, Sensitivity and F1 score. These findings highlight the efficiency of this approach in accurately segmenting and classifying MRI images.