Factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment in Manaus, Amazonas, from 2011 to 2021

To identify vulnerability factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes between 2011 and 2021 in Manaus, Amazonas.

Ecological study using tuberculosis case notification data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, from 2011 to 2021, of residents in Manaus. The variables refer to treatment outcomes and patient vulnerability, according to the theoretical model: individual, programmatic and social. The analysis tested the association between vulnerability and tuberculosis treatment non-success, measured by the occurrence of death, loss to follow-up or treatment default. The Odds Ratio estimate with confidence interval was obtained by logistic regression, according to a hierarchical model.

The following factors were more likely to lead to unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment: individual vulnerability (age group 20 to 29 years and over 60 years, indigenous race, HIV+, drug use); programmatic vulnerability (not having an HIV test), social vulnerability (special population).

Individual vulnerability was more strongly associated with non-success. Intervention is needed to explore the points of greatest individual vulnerability, enabling effective action to prevent unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment.