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Adrenal insufficiency - causes and laboratory diagnosis
Tomas Brutvan1, Jana Jezkova1, Marcela Kotasova2
1Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
Summary
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is diagnosed through clinical evaluation and lab tests. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of AI are vital to prevent life-threatening adrenal crises.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Adrenal insufficiency (AI) presents as a syndrome of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency.
- AI stems from primary adrenal gland impairment or secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction affecting ACTH stimulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To underscore the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of adrenal insufficiency.
- To highlight the critical role of laboratory test evaluation in managing AI.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment.
- Biochemical testing, including basal hormone levels and stimulation tests, is essential.
- Consideration of pre-analytical, analytical, and methodological factors in laboratory test interpretation is crucial.
Main Results:
- Accurate diagnosis is achievable through a combination of clinical and biochemical evaluations.
- Understanding factors influencing laboratory tests improves diagnostic reliability.
Conclusions:
- Timely and correct diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is paramount for effective management.
- Initiation of appropriate replacement therapy is critical to prevent severe outcomes, including adrenal crises.
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