Is evaluation of cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test enough? Analysis of steroid profile after...

The overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is recommended for the initial testing of Cushing's syndrome. Simultaneous measurement of dexamethasone and cortisol is recommended. This study aimed to determine the cutoff value for dexamethasone measured in DST analyzed via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) and to assess whether analysis of adrenal steroids other than cortisol may improve diagnostic accuracy.

A prospective study was conducted including patients with adrenal incidentalomas (n = 55), pituitary incidentalomas and symptoms of Cushing's disease (n = 18), and healthy controls (n = 100) undergoing DST. Plasma levels of ten steroids and dexamethasone were determined via 2D-LC-MS/MS, while cortisol levels were also determined via a chemiluminescence immunoassay.

The lower 2.5th percentile of plasma dexamethasone in the control group (cortisol level <50 nmol/L) was 3.48 nmol/L, which was set as the cutoff. In the subgroup of patients with adrenal incidentalomas, regardless of the results of DST, subjects exhibited identical changes in the basal adrenal steroid profile: increased 11-deoxycortisol and decreased DHEA and DHEAS levels. After 1 mg dexamethasone administration, cortisol and cortisone levels increased, while decreased androstenedione and 17-OHP levels were detected. Statistically significant changes were found in the subgroup of patients with pituitary incidentalomas: increased levels of 11-deoxycortisol, plasma cortisol, cortisone, and androstenedione were observed only in those with serum cortisol levels >50 nmol/L. Based on the ROC curves, none of the steroid hormones exhibited higher specificity than cortisol.

Simultaneous measurement of cortisol and dexamethasone increases DST specificity. The cutoff value for dexamethasone was set at 3.48 nmol/L. None of the adrenal steroids in the DST demonstrated increased specificity; thus, a cortisol concentration <50 nmol/L remains the gold standard for ruling out Cushing's syndrome.