Wool powder assisted colorimetric sensing yarn with high sensitivity for NH₃ monitoring

Colorimetric sensors have applications in gas monitoring due to their simple and quick detection through visible color changes. However, it remains challenging to prepare colorimetric sensors with high sensitivity. Herein, this work fabricated a biomass-based colorimetric sensing yarn with high sensitivity using anthocyanins as the colorimetric dye and wool powder as an effective ammonia (NH₃) adsorbent. The sensitivity of the prepared yarns was evaluated for detection limit and response time. Surprisingly, the addition of 3% wool powder greatly improved the sensitivity of the prepared yarns, with a reduction of both detection limit and responsive time from 100 ppm to 20 ppm, and 2 min to 20 s, respectively when exposed in 150 ppm NH₃. The prepared yarns also showed good selectivity and reusability. An example of the practical use of colorimetric yarns was presented. This work provides a facile strategy for fabricating wearable devices for toxic gas monitoring with visual output.