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Clinical Aspects of Vertigo and Dizziness: What Should the Radiologist Know?
Paulo Diego Santos Silva1, Isabela S Alves2, Italo Roberto Torres de Medeiros3
1Department of Neurology, Hospital Cruz Azul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|October 9, 2024
Summary
Dizziness and vertigo evaluation is key. Distinguishing peripheral from central causes using methods like HINTS Plus and imaging ensures proper diagnosis and treatment for these common vestibular disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Otolaryngology
- Emergency Medicine
Background:
- Dizziness and vertigo are frequent reasons for medical consultation.
- Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective patient management.
- Distinguishing between peripheral and central etiologies is critical.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical evaluation and diagnostic methods for dizziness and vertigo.
- To emphasize the differentiation between peripheral and central causes.
- To guide clinicians in diagnosing vestibular disorders.
Main Methods:
- Clinical assessment including nystagmus evaluation and vestibulo-ocular reflex testing.
- Application of diagnostic tools such as the HINTS Plus test.
- Consideration of neuroimaging for suspected central causes.
Main Results:
- Peripheral causes include vestibular neuritis, BPPV, and Ménière's disease.
- Central causes encompass stroke, demyelinating diseases, and tumors.
- Classification of vestibular disorders based on duration (acute, episodic, chronic).
Conclusions:
- A systematic approach to evaluating dizziness and vertigo is necessary.
- Clinical examination and specific tests aid in differentiating etiologies.
- Timely and accurate diagnosis improves patient outcomes for vestibular dysfunction.
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